We All Have the Right to Die in Dignity

We All Have the Right to Die in Dignity Do You Believe Euthanasia (Assisted Suicide) is Right? Life is quite good to some people. People all over the world every day become healthy, wealthy and wise and live very long lives with their spouses, full of experience and adventure. All in all, they live a life with little suffering, if any at all. But for some people, life is quite cruel, strife with a disease, heartbreak, hardship, bankruptcy and premature death. It’s terrible to see, hoping it would never happen to us. Not to be too depressive, but it happens too often. But don’t worry: no one makes it out alive anyway. Nonetheless, to steer the conversation forward, every single person has the right to Euthanasia – or an assisted suicide: the painless killing of a patient suffering from an incurable and painful disease or in an irreversible coma. It is a very controversial issue, as it is illegal in many American states. However, a single person alive deserves to die with dignity. First of all, Euthanasia should be legalized across the board, internationally, because no one should have the right to decide if and when another person can end their life. It is up to that individual considering Euthanasia to decide. They own their life, so they’re responsible for it. And if they wish to end it, because of illness, suffering, hardship or other dire reasons, they can. Why should anyone be concerned if another wants to end their own being? It’s none of anyone else’s business. It’s Existentialism at its finest: a philosophical theory or approach which emphasizes the existence of the individual person as a free and responsible agent determining their own development through acts of the will. If a person’s will is to end their existence, through Euthanasia, they are born with the power to decide this fate – and if they need a doctor’s assistance for this, a doctor could legally be allowed to take a patient’s life, with the patient permitting, of course Secondly, some instances truly call for an end to the suffering, so people certainly have the right to Euthanasia. They have a right to die with dignity because living in dignity is not exactly an option for them. Picture an active 41-year-old person woman. She loves to jet ski and canoe and boat on the water, being outside in the fine weather and with family to share a holiday and fine meal. The spice of life is peppered with her waking moments, and she loves it. Then one day she is diagnosed with ALS (Lou Gehrig’s Disease), a motor neuron disease. It affects one’s motor skills and bodily functions  and ultimately corrodes the body and its usefulness. The famous theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking has ALS, or Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. But now, like Hawking, this woman cannot move, nor can she take care of cleaning herself, using the bathroom and eating. For years she has been in terrible anguish, feeling like she is a burden to every around her. She is despondent – but where she lives, in Virginia, Euthanasia is illegal. Though she wants to, she cannot end her life of suffering, even if it is her wish and will to do so. She is therefore stuck in a life that will have sourly for her, one that ended more like a living hell than a life at all. She certainly deserves assisted suicide, don’t you think? Lastly – and thankfully to conclude this argument, which is painful to expound on at length – it’s a horrendous feeling to imagine if this person were you. Would you want the power to have a doctor inject you with something to suddenly end your life, painlessly and with dignity? Why should a person be made to wait until they are pathetically decrepit, a wasted piece of humanity, to wither away like a dead flower? Every person deserves a proud, classy, peaceful and clean way to die – and they should never be forced to waiver this inalienable right. A human being deserves a humane death, and Euthanasia should never be considered a crime. If anything it’s more a beautiful, selfless gift to someone who needs an urgent end to the pain. It’s their way out of the suffering, and only the patient has the right to end their physical being and transcends this reality. Though this argument will continue for many years to come, it’s important to ha ve empathy and be active in teaching others about Euthanasia.

The History and Process of Textile Production

The History and Process of Textile Production The creation of textiles, or cloth and fabric materials, is one of humanity’s oldest activities. Despite the great advances in production and manufacturing of clothing, the creation of natural textiles still to this day relies on the effective conversion of fiber into yarn and then yarn to fabric. As such, there are four primary steps in the manufacturing of textiles which have remained the same. The first is the harvest and cleaning of the fiber or wool. The second is carding and spinning into threads. The third is to weave the threads into cloth. Lastly, the fourth is to fashion and sew the cloth into clothes. Early Production Like food and shelter, clothing is a basic human requirement for survival. When settled Neolithic cultures discovered the advantages of woven fibers over animal hides, the making of cloth emerged as one of humankinds fundamental technologies drawing on existing basketry techniques. From the earliest hand-held spindle and distaff and basic hand loom to the highly automated spinning machines and power looms of today, the principles of turning vegetable fiber into cloth have remained constant: Plants are cultivated and the fiber harvested. The fibers are cleaned and aligned, then spun into yarn or thread. Finally, the yarns are interwoven to produce cloth. Today we also spin complex synthetic fibers, but they are still woven together using the same process as cotton and flax were millennia ago. The Process, Step-by-Step Picking: After the fiber of choice was harvested, picking was the process that followed. Picking removed foreign matter (dirt, insects, leaves, seeds) from the fiber. Early pickers beat the fibers to loosen them and removed debris by hand. Eventually, machines used rotating teeth to do the job, producing a thin lap ready for carding.Carding: Carding was the process by which the fibers were combed to align and join them into a loose rope called a sliver. Hand carders pulled the fibers between wire teeth set in boards. Machines would be developed to do the same thing with rotating cylinders. Slivers (rhymes with divers) were then combined, twisted, and drawn out into roving.Spinning. After carding created slivers and roving, spinning was that process that twisted and drew out the roving and wound the resulting yarn on a bobbin. A spinning wheel operator drew out the cotton by hand. A series of rollers accomplished this on machines called throstles and spinning mules.Warping: Warping ga thered yarns from a number of bobbins and wound them close together on a reel or spool. From there they were transferred to a warp beam, which was then mounted on a loom. Warp threads were those that ran lengthwise on the loom. Weaving: Weaving was the final stage in making textiles and cloth. Crosswise woof threads were interwoven with warp threads on a loom. A 19th-century power loom worked essentially like a hand loom, except that its actions were mechanized and therefore much faster.

Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Portfolio - Essay Example The observation class had 24 learners, all from different community background; 3 support teachers and the class teacher. The children fall between 3 and 4 years, and during the start of the class, they were all sited on the floor, as the teacher took the class register. Due to their varied community backgrounds, approximately 80 percent of the learners are bilingual: they are of language and national backgrounds foreign to the U.K. The observation reports for observation 1 and 2 are included in this report as Appendix 1 and 2, respectively. Qualitative observation was the primary qualitative tools of inquiry used for this particular observation study, towards ensuring that the study gave as much information as possible, through the two observation cases. The narrative method of reporting is used in presenting the information and the inferences drawn form the two observations: narrative reporting was an effective evaluation and reporting model for this observation. The principle of à ¢â‚¬Ëœemergent literacy’ is used to describe the wider conception of learning, for the learners between the ages 0 to 5. Under this conception, emphasis is placed on informal learning strategies and learning settings, using a variety of activities and exercises, for example the activity of fighting dinosaurs, which looks very informal, but offered an effective learning experience for the children (Yarden et al., 1999). Critical evaluation and analysis of the resources and the strategies used during the exercise As explained by Maria Montessori (1870-1952), young learners, during their initial years of schooling, require a systematic and orderly way of training and education – so they can master different skill-sets, one after another. This is in line with Whitehead (2010), who advocates that learners, during early years of learning should be taught using activities like writing and reading exercises, incorporated into plays. For example, during the second activity, the teachers required the learners to write or draw names of things they were familiar with, for example dog and cat, as a way to improve their comprehension of the letters of the alphabet. The activities helped them to explore the surroundings around them, so they can create sense from their perceived experiences. The two activities for the class are developed according to the standards of the EYFS syllabus, which incorporates learning in fun to do activities, and plays or games. For example, through the activity of the fighting dinosaurs, the social and communication skills of the children were greatly fostered (DCSF, 2008). According to Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934), instructors are obligated to carefully observe, design and plan study activities in a way that will challenge the young learners’, next level of conception and learning. From the current case, it is evident that the teachers had designed the activities in a careful manner – so as to enhance and simulate the int erest of the learners in the learning incorporated into play. For example, through the first activity, where different children were supposed to act-out different roles, the creativity of the children was fostered – for example, they were supposed to make dinosaur sounds. The group that was supposed to protect the baby dinosaur was to build a wall to shield it, which greatly improves the motor skills of children within their age range. According to Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778), special emphasis should be placed on ensuring that children are not taught concepts or ideas that they may not be ready to take-in. For example, in the second observation, the teacher only required the children to draw words of common things

Epstein-Barr Virus Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Epstein-Barr Virus - Research Paper Example the presence of a virus in the cultured specimen and the three published their discovery the same year with the development of antibodies and mononucleosis taking place later. Consequently, the three scientists were able to observe the development of antibodies to the virus (Robertson 18). Perhaps the most common relationship of EBV with any other virus is in relationship to the TTV. In this case, the relationship regards the association between these two viruses and their infection of B-cell lymphoma and the Hodgskin lymphoma (Figueiredo et al. 736). In line with this, an increase in the tolerance of contagion within the first 48 hours of infection with the virus called herpes simplex indicates a demonstration of the conversion of EBV. In effect, this phenomenon implies that it is feasible to have TTV and EBV viruses in the same B cell (Figueiredo 736). Medical practitioners point out that Epstein-Barr is one of the most common infections that affected human beings. In line with this, experts suggested that the infection affected approximately 95% of the adult population by the time that they reached 40 years of age. In effect, this implies that the disease can affect any individual despite their geographical location and almost the entire world’s population has once suffered the disease. Nonetheless, most incidents of Epstein-Barr do not indicate the presence of symptoms in a person. In addition, an incidence of the infection puts an individual at a risk of mononucleosis with approximately 35-40% of those infected likely to develop this condition (Schueler, Beckett, and Gettings). A series of a standardized process characterizes the progression of EBV. First, EBV attacks the B-cells at the point of CR-2 (CD 21) while using the glycoprotein (GP 350/220). However, it could also attack the epithelial cells that do not possess the CD 21. This affects the epithelial cells that infect the Blymphocyte resulting to the latency stage. The cells infected exhibit

Comparing Business and Econimic Opportunities in India and China Essay Example for Free

Comparing Business and Econimic Opportunities in India and China Essay From my perspective, the main factor contributes to the difference in FDI and economic growth in China and India are institutions. There are two kinds of institutions; one is formal institution, including political system, legal system and economic system, another one is informal institution, which consists of culture, business norms and ethics. As for political system in India, which labeled as sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic. It is similar to America, it has the federal form of government, its central government is patterned after the British parliamentary system, and several Parties are able to take control of the nation, but the main power to control the country is the central government. Compare with Chinese communist totalitarianism, India is more democratic in terms of the political system. In other, words, it is more easier to set up your own business in India and which may absorb more capital thanks to the democratic political system in India. According to the corruption perceptions index 2012, India got the score of 36, and China got the score of 39, the lower score means the country is highly corrupt in the public sector. Therefore, China is more attractive to foreign investors in terms of the corruption level. As for political risk, thanks to corruption and the departure of several key allies for India, the government has been weakened in India, which make India less attractive for foreign investment to compare with China. As for protecting intellectual property right, the provisions of intellectual property right in India is more comprehensive than Chinese, which ensures foreign companies get an easier access to take control of intellectual property in India. According to the data from Global EDGE, Chinese government provides more protections on labors to compare with India. Which is a good sign for encouraging FDI in China. According to Ease of Paying Taxes Index on Global EDGE website, which ranks the country based on their total tax rate as well as measuring the administrative burden of paying taxes. India ranked 152 and China ranked 122; this indicates that compare with doing business in India, foreign companies may not have much pressure of paying tax for the government in China, which is positive sign for foreign companies to expanded to Chinese to get rid of the high tax rate. As for economic system, both of China and India used to be in the  command economy, but they have reformed their economy system to mixed economy in 1978 and 1991 respectively. From my perspective, the early reform of Chinese economy provides a rapid development of the economy in China, which contributes to the higher GDP compare with India now. The economic growth of India is constrained by the inadequate infrastructure, which may creates obstacles for foreign investment. As for cultures, business norm and ethic, India got a huge number of well-educated people skilled in English skill, which is easier for foreign investors to overcome the languages barriers to compare with China. The religion is a factor which foreign investor has to take into account when they want to enter India. Thanks to different religion groups in India, the core value and the norms are widely differ from different religions, which take time to understand those value and norms when doing business among Indians. According to data from The Hofstede Center, China and India almost had the same score in power distance, collectivist culture, masculinity and uncertainty avoidance, but China is more long-term oriented, the investment is tend to be more long-term projects for instance, the real estate. From my perspective, choosing India to invest is a wise decision, the main reason I recommend the India for foreign investment is that companies may not face as much as competition in India compare with China. There are a huge number of multinational firms in China; it is more difficult to be successful due to the fierce competition in China. As for India, where had a more comprehensive legal system, which can reduce the cost of doing business and improve the security of foreign investment. The democratic society may offer more opportunities for foreign investors as well. The India cannot surpass China within a short period of time because of the inadequate infrastructures; the inadequate infrastructures is the key factor which constraints the economic growth in India. It is capital and time-consuming to build infrastructures within a short period of time.

Operation Barbarossa Essay -- essays research papers

OPERATION BARBAROSSA The invasion of Russia was the largest military campaign of the Second World War. Operation Barbarossa, as it was known, was launched on 22 June 1941 and completely took Russia by surprise. The widening war raging in Africa and eastern Europe were key distractions for Hitler from his ultimate goal of attacking Russia. Although the British army remained undefeated in the west, Hitler’s goal proved an urgency for him to begin moving on the east. Whilst planning was made throughout 1940 for the invasion of Russia, time was favorable towards the Russians and they continued to mobilize their resources and strengthen their defense forces. The invasion of the Germans was a complete surprise as Russian dictator, Josef Stalin, had failed to acknowledge the increasing German troop concentrations on the border and he had also ignored British intelligence reports stating that Germany had intended to attack. Hitler once again used the Blitzkrieg technique with German tanks and air power leading the attack. There were three powerful German armies, made up of over 3 million men which moved into Russia. As one army group headed north towards Leningrad, a center group headed towards Moscow and a southern group moved to capture the food producing area of the Ukraine. By now, the Germans were thrilled with their fast advancements and initial success, including the fact that they had captured over 400 000 Russian soldiers. In late July, the advance on Leningrad and Mosco... Operation Barbarossa Essay -- essays research papers OPERATION BARBAROSSA The invasion of Russia was the largest military campaign of the Second World War. Operation Barbarossa, as it was known, was launched on 22 June 1941 and completely took Russia by surprise. The widening war raging in Africa and eastern Europe were key distractions for Hitler from his ultimate goal of attacking Russia. Although the British army remained undefeated in the west, Hitler’s goal proved an urgency for him to begin moving on the east. Whilst planning was made throughout 1940 for the invasion of Russia, time was favorable towards the Russians and they continued to mobilize their resources and strengthen their defense forces. The invasion of the Germans was a complete surprise as Russian dictator, Josef Stalin, had failed to acknowledge the increasing German troop concentrations on the border and he had also ignored British intelligence reports stating that Germany had intended to attack. Hitler once again used the Blitzkrieg technique with German tanks and air power leading the attack. There were three powerful German armies, made up of over 3 million men which moved into Russia. As one army group headed north towards Leningrad, a center group headed towards Moscow and a southern group moved to capture the food producing area of the Ukraine. By now, the Germans were thrilled with their fast advancements and initial success, including the fact that they had captured over 400 000 Russian soldiers. In late July, the advance on Leningrad and Mosco...

Theism vs Antheism

Do you believe in God? God is a being that no one has ever been able to prove exists. When someone chooses to believe in God; that decision is based solely on their faith. It is a decision that someone decides in their heart, which is often based on experiences in their life; whether they are simply personal experiences or religious ones. It is not a secret to anyone that God has never been be seen, heard, nor touched by any living human according to history and the present day. Though, the bible gives the personal testimonies of many righteous men of God’s goodness and existence, how can one prove that to be true? According to Nils Ch. Raught (2007) â€Å"If [an] argument from religious experiences is to be successful, we must focus our attention on those religious experiences that closely resemble ordinary perceptual experiences† (p. 180). So, I will give you my personal account of God’s goodness in my life and why I personally believe Theism makes a stronger case than Atheism. In January of 2005, my wife and I decided it was time to have another baby. Right after our decision, we found out that my wife was pregnant right away! We were so happy to be adding another addition to our family; our eldest daughter was already five at the time and we didn’t want to have our children too far apart. We were incredibly excited and made our announcement that Valentine’s day to all of our friends and family. Everything was going great until my wife went to one of a doctor appointment for her first trimester pre-natal serum screening tests. Basically, this testing will determine if the fetus has any chromosome problems that include Down syndrome. This test is optional, even though my wife was never told that during her visit. The visit went fine and the nurse told her that she would be contacted if the tests came back abnormal. Well, three days later my wife had a message on her phone from the nurse saying she needed to call about her blood results. My wife was a mess. She cried and said she knew something was wrong. After talking to the nurse my wife’s fears were confirmed; the blood results had come back abnormal. This was an eye opening experience for my wife and I. We decided that if we were going to have a Down syndrome child that we wanted to prepare ahead of time, since we knew that they have special health care needs. We scheduled an Amniocentesis and had to wait two weeks to get that test done. They were the two longest weeks of our life. My wife was a nervous wreck and I was too. During this time, we spent a lot of time praying and just trusting that no matter what the outcome was; this is what was meant for our family. Not being mad at God was hard; even though I had never felt as close to him before in my life! Finally, the day came for the test and again we had to wait three days for the results. On the third day, we found out our baby was perfectly healthy and that we were having another little girl. Even though, in our situation, God blessed us; I know he let us go through this situation so we could grow closer to him. I could feel his presence in my life during that trying time. Not only did my wife give birth to a beautiful baby girl, she also had our daughter on her Mother’s birthday. This is very significant because her mother tragically died in a car accident in November, of 2003. My wife went into labor naturally and had our daughter on my mother-in-laws birthday! We truly felt like God was blessing us! We felt as though for trusting in God and being patient he was rewarding us. In conclusion, one must ask themselves; do I have a purpose in my life? Am I looking at the big picture here? After my body physically dies someday, is that it? Personally, I think not. When one adopts the Atheist point of view, that choice accepts there is ultimately no superior being and no life after physical death. According to Nils Ch. Rauhut (2007) â€Å"[If] we conclude that God does not exist, we are faced with a different situation. While we are then free to dismiss most religious activities as nonsense, we consequently have to accept the idea that we are finite beings who live in a universe without ultimate meaning or purpose† (p. 173). I cannot accept that humans exist to live without any ultimate meaning or purpose; especially when we live on a planet that is so complex and beautiful. Can any scientist tell us how the Universe came into existence? Or, how old it is? There are creatures on Earth that are still being discovered today! Perhaps, one could look at the beauty in a sunrise or sunset. Perhaps, one could believe in God when they watch their new born babies eye lashes grow over the course of a week after they’re born; it is truly amazing! God created all things with such imagination and carefulness-each living thing is amazingly unique and has a purpose on this Earth no matter how big or small that purpose may be. In my opinion, Atheism is a belief that doesn’t leave much to look forward to. Though, it may be hard to explain God’s existence because he cannot be physically seen or heard, it shouldn’t be so hard to believe that the human race was created for purpose; one that exceeds this life on Earth.

Advertisement Effectiveness

Introduction: Advertising is a form of communication used to encourage or persuade an audience to continue or take some new action. Most commonly, the desired result is to drive consumer behaviour with respect to a commercial offering, although political & ideological advertising is also common. The purpose of advertising may also be to reassure employees or shareholders that a company is viable or successful.Advertising messages are usually paid for by sponsors and viewed via various traditional media; including mass media such as newspapers; magazines; television commercials, radio advertising, outdoor advertising or direct mail or new media such as blogs, website or text messages. Definition: Advertising is bringing a product(or service) to the attention of potential & current customers. Advertisement is typically done with signs, brochures, commercial, direct mailings or e-mail messages, personal contact etc. The importance of advertising is â€Å"steadily on the increase in mod ern society†.Just as the media of social communication themselves have enormous influence everywhere so advertisement using media as its vehicle, is a pervasive, powerful force shaping attitudes & behaviour in today’s world. The field of advertising is extremely broad & diverse. In general terms, of course an advertisement is simply public notice meant to convey information & invite patronage or some other response. As that suggest, advertising has two main purposes: To inform & To persuade. These purposes are distinguishable-both are very often simultaneously present Objectives of the study: To study the effectiveness of advertisement of mobile phones. * To analyze & compare the consumers attitude towards advertisement regarding mobile phones. * To know the buying behaviour of the consumers with regard to the advertisement. * To show the true values of the advertisement regarding mobile phones. Statement of the problem: The effectiveness of advertisement which plays a crucial role to identify the target customers and the target market segment for every companies & firms. It is worth noted that, the effectiveness of dvertisement should thoroughly scrutinized by every organisation. Thus there are various issues involved in the advertisement & measurement of its effectiveness. The problem here is how many consumers buy mobile phones by seeing advertisements? Is advertisement really motivating the public to buy the product? The study relates with the influence of the advertisement towards them the researcher has the curiosity to know about how advertisement effect through various brands of mobile phones. Scope of the study: Theme is the subject matter of advertisement.An advertisement copy should bridge the gap between the advertisers & readers if it is to be effective. To achieve this the advertisement has to provide the audience the information that is of interest to them. Undertaken to know the effectiveness of advertisement in the minds of consum ers and also to know the factor which attracts more from it. This will help to identify the role of advertisements. The present investigation has been undertaken to know and analyse the factors influencing the mobile phones & the role of media which influences them to prefer a particular product.Methodology: The research is descriptive in nature. Both primary & secondary data have been collected for the study. Primary data were collected through questionnaire schedule from a sample of 25 respondents at the random. The secondary data was collected from magazines, books, websites. Sampling of the study: A sample design is a definite plan for obtaining a sample from a given population. It refers to the technique or the procedure the researcher would adopt in selecting items for the sample (i:e) the size of the sample.Sample design is determined before data are collected. Simple random sampling method is used for selecting the respondents in order to collect the required data. Sources o f data: Sources of data are mainly classified in two: Primary data & Secondary data. Primary data are those which are collected a fresh and for the first time & thus happen to be original in character. The primary data was collected using a structured questionnaire prepared with respect to the objective of the study.Simply primary data refers to the information got directly from the sampled respondents. Secondary data are those which have already been collected by someone else and which have already been passed through the statistical process. The secondary data are based on the documents available in the form of: Books Journals Published papers Internet Data Analysis and Statistical tools: The data collected were analysed and tabulations were made regarding the responses given by the respondents.No statistical tools were used in this project to measure the effectiveness of advertisements. Limitations of the study: 1) Sample size is small as compare to universe. 2) Respondents are b iased towards their personal preferences and they might have not answered the questions correctly. 3) Due to simple random sampling there may be large deviation from that of universe. Chapter Scheme: Chapter 1: Introduction, objectives, statement of the problem, scope of the study, methodology, limitations of the study.Chapter 2: Contents and review of literature. Chapter 3: Company profile. Chapter 4: Data analysis and Interpretations Chapter 5: Findings, suggestions and conclusions Contents & Review of Literature: Meaning of Advertising: The word advertising is derived from the latin word,†advertero†. â€Å"Ad† meaning towards and â€Å"verto† meaning â€Å"to turn†. Definitions of Advertising: Philip Kolter says â€Å"Advertising is ant paid form of non-personal presentation of ideas, goods and services by an identified sponsor. † William J.Stanton,†Advertising consists of all the activities in presenting to a group a non-personal, or al or visual, openly sponsored message regarding a product, service or idea. † Features of Advertising: * Advertising is one of the methods of promotion mix. * It is a paid mass communication, not aiming at a specific individual. * It is a form of publicity, i. e dissemination of information regarding a product, service or idea. * It is salesmanship in writing or printed salesmanship. * It is a mass non-personal communication. Functions

Causes Of Corruption Essay Essay Example

Causes Of Corruption Essay Essay Example Causes Of Corruption Essay Essay Causes Of Corruption Essay Essay The paper stresses the demand to maintain the issue of corruptness forthrightly in position in the development docket. It discusses the causes and effects of corruptness. particularly in the context of a least developed state with considerable ordinance and cardinal way. Lack of transparence. answerability and consistence. every bit good as institutional failings such as in the legislative and judicial systems. supply fertile land for growing of rent seeking activities in such a state. In add-on to the rise of an belowground economic system and the high societal costs associated with corruptness. its inauspicious effects on income distribution. ingestion forms. investing. the authorities budget and on economic reforms are highlighted in the paper. The paper besides touches upon the supply side of graft and its international dimensions and nowadayss some ideas on how to turn to the corruptness issue and to seek and convey it under control. There is a turning worldwide concern over corruptness at the present clip. Several factors are responsible for this. First. a consensus has now been reached that corruptness is cosmopolitan. It exists in all states. both developed and developing. in the public and private sectors. every bit good as in non-profit and charitable organisations. Second. allegations and charges of corruptness now play a more cardinal function in political relations than at any other clip. Governments have fallen. callings of universe renowned public figures ruined. and reputes of well-respected organisations and concern houses severely tarnished on history of it. The international mass media provenders on it and dirts and improper behavior. particularly of those in high topographic points. are looked upon as highly newsworthy. and to be investigated with ardor and energy. The lifting tendency in the usage of corruptness as a tool to discredit political oppositions. the media’s preoccupation with it as a extremely marketable trade good. and the general public’s captivation with seeing outstanding personalities in abashing state of affairss have brought disgraceful and corrupt behavior. a common human infirmity. into the spotlight of international attending. Third – and the chief issue taken up in this paper – is that corruptness can be a major obstruction in the procedure of economic development and in overhauling a state. Many now feel that it should have precedence attending in a country’s development docket. This greater acknowledgment that corruptness can hold a serious inauspicious impact on development has been a cause for concern among developing states. In a recent study of 150 high degree functionaries from 60 3rd universe states. the respondents ranked public sector corruptness as the most terrible obstruction facing their development procedure ( Gray and Kaufmann 1998 ) . States in the Asia and Pacific part are besides really disquieted about this job and they are in significant understanding that corruptness is a major restraint that is impeding their economic. political and societal development. and therefore position it as a job necessitating pressing attending at the highest degree. Increasing public involvement and concern over corruptness have resulted in a big sum of scholarly research on the topic. True. there are still broad spreads in the current province of information and cognition on the affair and much more remains to be done. Nevertheless. theoretical and empirical research that has been conducted therefore far has yielded fresh penetrations into the job. We now have a clearer apprehension of the implicit in causes of corruptness. its effects. and thoughts and attacks on possible steps to battle it. At the same clip. a better position has been obtained on the grounds why corruptness persists in so many states. and why it is hard to cover with. although people throughout the universe position it with disfavor. This paper presents some thoughts and issues that have emerged from the current treatment and on-going argument on the corruptness inquiry in the part and around the universe. It considers the causes. effects and international dimensions of corruptness. which seem to hold generated a batch of public attending in many states. Ideas and suggestions on possible remedial steps have besides been included as it would non be a fruitful exercising to merely discourse issues and jobs. without coming frontward with some solutions as good. The purpose of the paper is to make greater consciousness of the topic and to foreground the desirableness to maintain it in position in believing about development issues. particularly in the context of a least developed state. I. DEFINITION AND CONCEPTS Definition In this paper. corruptness is defined as the usage of public office for private addition. or in other words. usage of official place. rank or position by an office carrier for his ain personal benefit. Following from this definition. illustrations of corrupt behavior would include: ( a ) graft. ( B ) extortion. ( degree Celsius ) fraud. ( vitamin D ) peculation. ( vitamin E ) nepotism. ( degree Fahrenheit ) cronyism. ( g ) appropriation of public assets and belongings for private usage. and ( H ) influence mongering. In this list of corrupt behavior. activities such as fraud and peculation can be undertaken by an official alone and without engagement of a 2nd party. While others such as graft. extortion and influence mongering affect two parties – the giver and taker in a corrupt trade. The two party type of corruptness can originate under a assortment of fortunes. Frequently mentioned are concerned with the followers: ( I ) Government contracts: payoffs can act upon who gets the contract. the footings of the contract. every bit good as footings of subcontracts when the undertaking is implemented. Government benefits: payoffs can act upon the allotment of pecuniary benefits such as recognition subsidies and favoured monetary values and exchange rates where monetary value controls and multiple exchange rates exist. Bribes can besides be of import in obtaining licences and licenses to prosecute in moneymaking economic activities such as importing certain goods in high demand and in short supply. Furthermore. payoffs can be employed to get in-kind benefits such as entree to favor schools. subsidized medical attention. subsidized lodging and existent estate. and attractive ownership bets in endeavors that are being privatized. Government gross: payoffs can be used to cut down the sum of revenue enhancements. fees. dues. custom responsibilities. and electricity and other public public-service corporation charges collected from concern houses and private persons. Time nest eggs and regulative turning away: payoffs can rush up the granting of permission. licences and licenses to transport out activities that are absolutely legal. This is the alleged â€Å"grease money† to turn the wheels of bureaucratism more swimmingly. quickly and hopefully in the right way. It is besides non hard to believe of a truly atrocious state of affairs where regulations and ordinances. and the manner they are applied. are so complex and burdensome that the lone manner left to acquire things done is to pay money to avoid them. Influencing results of legal and regulative procedures: payoffs can be used to supply inducements to regulative governments to forbear from taking action. and to look the other manner. when private parties engage in activities that are in misdemeanor of bing Torahs. regulations and ordinances such as those associating to commanding pollution. forestalling wellness jeopardies. or advancing public safety as in the instance of edifice codifications and traffic ordinances. Similarly. payoffs can be given to favor one party over another in tribunal instances or in other legal and regulative proceedings. Economic rent The construct of economic rent ( or monopoly net income ) occupies a cardinal topographic point in the literature on the topic of corruptness. Economic rent arises when a individual has something alone or particular in his ownership. This something particular can be a luxury condominium in a classy vicinity. a secret plan of land in the cardinal concern territory of the metropolis. a natural resource like an oil well. or even some delighting personal traits such as beauty and appeal. A individual who owns such a particular plus can bear down a more than normal monetary value for its usage and gain economic rent or monopoly net income. To exemplify. say there is a immature lady who has breathtakingly good expressions. a charming personality. and exceeding playing. vocalizing and dancing accomplishments. Due to these particular personal assets. she becomes a ace and a heartthrob of adolescents all over the state and therefore commands a princely amount for her visual aspects. But what precisely is her economic rent? To find this. it is necessary to cognize the following best thing she can make to gain a life if she is non a ace. Suppose she has a jurisprudence grade so the following best business she can take up is to go a attorney. Then the difference between her income as a ace and the net incomes she can obtain from her following best business ( as a attorney ) . is her economic rent for holding an remarkably pretty face. appeal. and brilliant vocalizing. dance and moving endowments – a winning combination which no other immature lady in the state can fit. A similar line of concluding can be applied to a minor administrative official working in the concern licence publishing office of a authorities ministry. Suppose this administrative official has the duty of typing. stomping the official seal. acquiring the appropriate signatures and presenting the mandate missive that grants permission to concern endeavors to prosecute in a certain line of economic activity. Business executives are dying to hold the missive typed efficiently and right. and have it decently stamped. signed. sealed and delivered and are willing to pay a monetary value for this particular service. Hence the administrative official who has a monopoly of typing. stomping and treating the missive can utilize his official place to get economic rent from his clients. A utile attack to happen out the sum of his economic rent is to believe of what he can gain if he is fired from the licensing office.

Why We Celebrate Womens History Month In March

Why We Celebrate Womens History Month In March On February 28, 1980, President Jimmy Carter wrote: From the first settlers who came to our shores, from the first American Indian families who befriended them, men and women have worked together to build this Nation. Too often, the women were unsung and sometimes their contributions went unnoticed. These words, part of his message establishing the first Womens History Week in 1980, marked the beginning of a new chapter in American history; one in which recognition of women and their work, and the promotion of their rights became a more explicit concern. That initial effort was expanded in 1987, when March was designated as Womens History Month. The Beginning: Womens History Week In 1978 in California, the Education Task Force of the Sonoma County Commission on the Status of Women began a Womens History Week celebration. The week was chosen to coincide with International Womens Day, March 8. The response was positive. Schools began to host their own Womens History Week programs. The next year, leaders from the California group shared their project at a Womens History Institute at Sarah Lawrence College. Other participants not only determined to begin their own local Womens History Week projects, but agreed to support an effort to have Congress declare a national Womens History Week. Three years later, the United States Congress passed a resolution establishing National Womens History Week, which had ample bipartisan support. This recognition encouraged even wider participation in Womens History Week. Schools focused on special projects and exhibitions honoring women. Organizations sponsored talks on womens history. The National Womens History Project began distributing materials specifically designed to support Womens History Week, as well as materials to enhance the teaching of history through the year, to include notable women and womens experience. Womens History Month In 1987, at the request of the National Womens History Project, Congress expanded the week to a month, and the U.S. Congress has issued a resolution every year since then, with wide support, for Womens History Month. The U.S. President has issued each year a proclamation of Womens History Month. To further extend the inclusion of womens history in the history curriculum (and in everyday consciousness of history), the Presidents Commission on the Celebration of Women in History in America met through the 1990s. One result has been the effort towards establishing a National Museum of Womens History for the Washington, D.C., area, where it would join other museums such as the American History Museum. The purpose of Womens History Month is to increase consciousness and knowledge of womens history: to take one month of the year to remember the contributions of notable and ordinary women, in hopes that the day will soon come when its impossible to teach or learn history without remembering these contributions. Sources National Womens History Week Statement by the President. February 28, 1980.

Study case (Information Resources Management) Essay - 3

Study case (Information Resources Management) - Essay Example It will improve investment in the information technology sector which leads to improved production (Schwalbe, K. 2013). Chief information officer also understands the business enterprises and the requirement by end users, with this it is his responsibility to ensure the information technology sector is able to meet this requirement. With this the Government of Alberta, through Government of Alberta Enterprise Architecture (GAEA) will be able to come up with a effective strategy, which is relevant and applicable in linking the information technology sector to enterprise initiatives. Information technology management and governance in enterprise architecture should be a collective role. It is to bring about professionals from related fields from Canada. They bring together their skills and knowledge to solve the challenges in enterprises. There should have been increased information technology to business interaction in planning and increased degree of formal process implementation. This would have made the plan more realistic thus easy to implement. There was to be equal representation of all stakeholders. In our case it is stand alone project us not having representation of the end users, the people of Alberta. There will be a gap of goods quality. The enterprise sector should be well represented to allow equality thus governance will be simple having no resistance from partners (Davenport, T. 2013). Well-developed information system will yield to proper usage of information system in the establishment of enterprises. This will lead to growth of the economy of Canada. Proper governance of enterprise architecture in the planning of the system is a key